American Champagne: A Sparkling Sensation
The world of sparkling wines is as vast and varied as the landscapes from which they hail. Nestled amid the rolling hills and sun-dappled valleys of the United States is a burgeoning industry that has captivated the palates of wine enthusiasts: American champagne. This effervescent delight, although not legally designated as "champagne" due to international naming conventions, offers a unique charm and character that distinguishes it from its French counterpart. With its vibrant bubbles and rich flavors, American champagne is carving out a niche of its own, delighting taste buds and earning accolades on the global stage.
As the demand for sparkling wines continues to ascend, American champagne has emerged as a formidable contender in the world of fine wines. The innovation and dedication of American winemakers have resulted in a product that is not only a testament to their skill but also a reflection of the diverse terroir of the United States. From California's renowned Napa Valley to the lesser-known but equally promising regions like Oregon's Willamette Valley, American champagne is crafted with care and precision, offering a spectrum of flavors that range from crisp and refreshing to rich and complex.
In a market traditionally dominated by European producers, American champagne stands as a symbol of the spirit of innovation and excellence that defines the American wine industry. Its growth and success are a testament to the dedication and passion of the winemakers who strive to push the boundaries of what is possible, creating a sparkling wine that is uniquely American. As we delve deeper into the world of American champagne, we will explore its history, production methods, and the regions that contribute to its distinctive character, promising an enlightening and effervescent journey for wine enthusiasts and novices alike.
Table of Contents
- History of American Champagne
- Production Methods
- Key Regions for American Champagne
- Flavor Profile and Characteristics
- Pairing American Champagne with Foods
- Popular Brands and Labels
- Market Trends and Consumer Preferences
- Regulations and Naming Conventions
- Sustainability in Production
- Innovations and Future Prospects
- Global Impact and Recognition
- American Champagne vs. French Champagne
- Tasting Guide for American Champagne
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Conclusion
History of American Champagne
The history of American champagne is a tale of innovation, adaptation, and perseverance. The origins of sparkling wine production in the United States can be traced back to the mid-19th century, a time of great change and expansion in the country. European immigrants, particularly from France and Germany, brought with them their winemaking traditions and expertise, planting the seeds for what would become a thriving industry.
Initially, the production of sparkling wines in America was met with skepticism. The early attempts were often inconsistent in quality, largely due to the lack of experience and the challenges posed by the American climate. However, as winemakers honed their skills and adapted traditional methods to suit local conditions, the quality of American champagne began to improve. By the late 19th century, several wineries were producing sparkling wines that gained recognition and accolades both domestically and internationally.
One of the pivotal moments in the history of American champagne came with the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. This period saw a resurgence in winemaking, as vintners sought to revive and expand their operations. The post-war era brought about technological advancements and a greater understanding of viticulture, enabling American winemakers to produce sparkling wines that could compete with their European counterparts.
Today, American champagne is celebrated for its quality and diversity, with producers continually pushing the boundaries of innovation. The history of American champagne is a testament to the resilience and creativity of its makers, who have turned challenges into opportunities, crafting a product that is both rooted in tradition and boldly forward-looking.
Production Methods
The production of American champagne involves a meticulous process that combines tradition with modern innovation. At the heart of this process is the method known as the "Méthode Champenoise" or traditional method, which is also used in the production of French champagne. This method involves a secondary fermentation in the bottle, which creates the signature bubbles that sparkling wines are known for.
The journey of American champagne begins in the vineyard, where the selection of grape varieties plays a crucial role. Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier are the primary grapes used, each contributing unique characteristics to the final product. The grapes are harvested at the optimal time to ensure a balance of acidity and sugar, which is essential for producing high-quality sparkling wine.
Once harvested, the grapes undergo a gentle pressing to extract the juice, which is then fermented to create a base wine. This base wine is blended with other wines to achieve the desired flavor profile, a process known as assemblage. After blending, the wine is bottled with a mixture of sugar and yeast, which initiates the secondary fermentation. This stage is critical, as it is responsible for the creation of carbon dioxide, the gas that gives sparkling wine its effervescence.
The bottles are then aged on their lees (the dead yeast cells) for a period of several months to several years, depending on the style of the champagne. This aging process imparts complexity and depth to the wine, enhancing its flavors and aromas. After aging, the bottles undergo riddling, a process that involves gradually turning and tilting the bottles to collect the lees in the neck. The lees are then removed through a process called disgorgement, and the wine is topped up with a dosage, a mixture of wine and sugar that determines the sweetness level of the final product.
American champagne producers have embraced innovation, experimenting with different grape varieties, production techniques, and aging processes to create unique and exciting sparkling wines. This spirit of experimentation and excellence is what sets American champagne apart, offering a diverse range of styles that cater to a variety of palates.
Key Regions for American Champagne
The production of American champagne is spread across several key regions in the United States, each offering distinct terroirs that contribute to the unique characteristics of the sparkling wines they produce. Among these, California stands out as the leading producer, with its renowned wine regions of Napa Valley and Sonoma County at the forefront.
California's Napa Valley is celebrated for its diverse microclimates and soil types, which provide ideal conditions for cultivating the grapes used in American champagne. The region's cool, foggy mornings and warm afternoons create a long growing season, allowing grapes to develop complex flavors and retain the acidity essential for high-quality sparkling wine.
Sonoma County, with its varied climate and geography, also plays a significant role in the production of American champagne. The Russian River Valley, in particular, is known for its cool climate and well-drained soils, which are conducive to growing Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, the primary grape varieties used in sparkling wine production.
Beyond California, Oregon's Willamette Valley has emerged as a promising region for American champagne. Known for its cool climate and volcanic soils, the Willamette Valley produces sparkling wines that are crisp and vibrant, with a distinctive character that reflects the region's unique terroir.
Other regions, such as New York's Finger Lakes and Washington's Columbia Valley, are also gaining recognition for their contributions to the American champagne industry. These regions, with their own unique climates and soils, offer wine enthusiasts a diverse array of options, each with its own distinct flavor profile and characteristics.
The diversity of terroirs across these key regions reflects the versatility and potential of American champagne, providing winemakers with a rich tapestry of natural resources to craft sparkling wines that are both innovative and expressive of their origins.
Flavor Profile and Characteristics
American champagne is celebrated for its diverse flavor profile and characteristics, which are influenced by factors such as grape variety, terroir, and production methods. At its core, American champagne is known for its lively bubbles, refreshing acidity, and a harmonious balance of flavors that make it a delight to the senses.
The primary grape varieties used in American champagne—Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier—each contribute distinct characteristics to the wine. Chardonnay imparts elegance and finesse, with flavors of citrus, green apple, and pear, complemented by floral and mineral notes. Pinot Noir adds depth and complexity, offering flavors of red berries, cherry, and subtle earthiness. Pinot Meunier, though less commonly used, contributes fruitiness and roundness, enhancing the overall profile of the wine.
The terroir of the region where the grapes are grown also plays a significant role in shaping the flavor profile of American champagne. Cooler climates, such as those found in the Russian River Valley and Willamette Valley, tend to produce wines with higher acidity and more pronounced fruit flavors. In contrast, warmer regions like Napa Valley may yield wines with richer, more opulent characteristics.
The production process, particularly the time the wine spends aging on its lees, further influences the flavor profile of American champagne. Extended aging on the lees can impart notes of brioche, toast, and nuttiness, adding complexity and depth to the wine. The dosage, or the addition of sugar and wine after disgorgement, also affects the sweetness level and overall balance of the wine.
Ultimately, the flavor profile of American champagne is a reflection of the artistry and skill of its winemakers, who carefully balance these elements to create a wine that is both expressive and enjoyable. Whether enjoyed on its own or paired with food, American champagne offers a versatile and delightful experience for wine enthusiasts.
Pairing American Champagne with Foods
Pairing American champagne with food is an art that enhances the dining experience, showcasing the wine's versatility and complementing a wide range of flavors. The vibrant acidity and effervescence of American champagne make it an ideal partner for many dishes, from simple appetizers to elaborate main courses.
One of the classic pairings for American champagne is seafood. The wine's crispness and minerality beautifully complement the delicate flavors of oysters, shrimp, and crab, while its acidity cuts through the richness of dishes like lobster or creamy seafood pasta. For a delightful appetizer, consider serving American champagne with sushi or sashimi, where the wine's freshness enhances the flavors of the fish.
Cheese is another excellent companion for American champagne. The wine's acidity balances the richness of creamy cheeses like Brie or Camembert, while its bubbles cleanse the palate. Hard cheeses, such as aged Gouda or Parmesan, also pair well, highlighting the wine's complexity and depth.
When it comes to main courses, American champagne can hold its own alongside a variety of dishes. Its versatility allows it to pair with poultry, such as roast chicken or turkey, where its acidity complements the savory flavors. For a more adventurous pairing, try American champagne with spicy cuisine, such as Thai or Indian dishes, where its effervescence and sweetness can temper the heat and accentuate the spices.
For dessert, American champagne pairs beautifully with fruit-based treats, such as a classic fruit tart or a refreshing sorbet. The wine's natural sweetness complements the fruit's flavors, creating a harmonious and satisfying conclusion to a meal.
Ultimately, the key to successful pairing is balance. American champagne's diverse flavor profile and vibrant character make it a versatile choice that can enhance a wide array of dishes, elevating the dining experience and delighting the palate.
Popular Brands and Labels
American champagne has gained popularity and recognition, thanks in part to the efforts of several prominent brands and labels that have set the standard for quality and innovation. These producers have not only elevated the profile of American champagne but have also garnered acclaim from wine enthusiasts and critics alike.
One of the most renowned names in American champagne is Schramsberg Vineyards, located in California's Napa Valley. Established in 1862, Schramsberg has a long history of producing exceptional sparkling wines, known for their complexity, elegance, and finesse. The winery's commitment to traditional methods and innovative techniques has earned it a reputation as a leader in the American champagne industry.
Another notable producer is Domaine Carneros, a California-based winery with strong ties to the Champagne region of France. Founded by the esteemed Champagne Taittinger family, Domaine Carneros specializes in crafting sparkling wines that reflect the unique terroir of the Carneros region. The winery's dedication to quality and sustainability has made it a favorite among sparkling wine aficionados.
Iron Horse Vineyards, located in Sonoma County's Green Valley, is celebrated for its handcrafted sparkling wines that capture the essence of the region's cool climate and diverse soils. Known for their vibrant acidity and expressive flavors, Iron Horse wines have been served at numerous prestigious events, including presidential inaugurations and diplomatic gatherings.
Roederer Estate, situated in California's Anderson Valley, is another esteemed producer of American champagne. A subsidiary of the prestigious French Champagne house Louis Roederer, the estate is renowned for its meticulous craftsmanship and commitment to excellence. Roederer Estate's sparkling wines are characterized by their elegance, balance, and depth, making them a popular choice among discerning wine lovers.
These and other producers have played a pivotal role in shaping the American champagne industry, pushing the boundaries of innovation and quality. Their dedication to crafting exceptional sparkling wines has not only elevated the reputation of American champagne but has also contributed to its growing popularity and success on the global stage.
Market Trends and Consumer Preferences
The American champagne market has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by changing consumer preferences and evolving market trends. As more consumers seek out unique and high-quality sparkling wines, American champagne has emerged as a popular choice, offering a diverse array of styles and flavors that cater to a wide range of tastes.
One notable trend in the American champagne market is the increasing demand for premium and artisanal products. Consumers are becoming more discerning in their wine selections, seeking out sparkling wines that offer exceptional quality and craftsmanship. This trend has led to a rise in boutique wineries and small-scale producers who focus on creating limited-edition, handcrafted sparkling wines that showcase the diversity and potential of American terroirs.
Another significant trend is the growing interest in sustainability and eco-friendly practices. As consumers become more conscious of the environmental impact of their purchases, they are increasingly drawn to wineries that prioritize sustainability in their production methods. This shift has prompted many American champagne producers to adopt organic and biodynamic farming practices, reduce their carbon footprint, and implement sustainable packaging solutions.
The rise of online wine sales and direct-to-consumer channels has also had a profound impact on the American champagne market. With the convenience of purchasing wine online, consumers have greater access to a wide variety of sparkling wines, allowing them to explore new brands and styles. This trend has facilitated the growth of niche markets and has enabled producers to reach a broader audience, further driving the popularity of American champagne.
As consumer tastes continue to evolve, the American champagne market is poised for continued growth and innovation. Producers are responding to these trends by experimenting with new grape varieties, production techniques, and flavor profiles, ensuring that American champagne remains a dynamic and exciting choice for wine enthusiasts around the world.
Regulations and Naming Conventions
The production and labeling of American champagne are governed by a set of regulations and naming conventions that aim to maintain quality and ensure consumer transparency. While the term "champagne" is legally reserved for sparkling wines produced in the Champagne region of France, American producers have adopted alternative terms such as "sparkling wine" or "American sparkling wine" to describe their products.
In the United States, the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) oversees the regulations for wine production and labeling. Under TTB guidelines, American champagne producers must adhere to specific criteria, including the use of approved grape varieties, production methods, and aging requirements. These regulations are designed to uphold the integrity and quality of American sparkling wines, ensuring that consumers receive a product that meets established standards.
In addition to federal regulations, individual states may have their own sets of rules governing wine production. For example, some states have established appellations or American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) that designate specific geographic regions known for their unique terroir and grape-growing conditions. Wineries that produce American champagne within these AVAs must comply with additional guidelines regarding grape sourcing and labeling, further ensuring the authenticity and quality of their products.
To distinguish their products from French champagne, American producers often use terms such as "méthode traditionnelle" or "méthode classique" to indicate that their sparkling wines are made using the traditional method of secondary fermentation in the bottle. This distinction not only highlights the craftsmanship involved in producing American champagne but also reinforces the wine's unique identity and character.
Overall, the regulations and naming conventions for American champagne play a crucial role in maintaining the quality and reputation of the industry, providing consumers with confidence in their wine selections and ensuring that American sparkling wines continue to thrive on the global stage.
Sustainability in Production
Sustainability has become a key focus for many American champagne producers, as they strive to minimize their environmental impact and promote eco-friendly practices in their production processes. This commitment to sustainability not only reflects the growing consumer demand for environmentally conscious products but also underscores the industry's dedication to preserving the natural resources that are essential to winemaking.
One of the primary ways American champagne producers are embracing sustainability is through sustainable farming practices. Many wineries have adopted organic and biodynamic farming methods, which prioritize soil health, biodiversity, and natural pest control. These practices reduce the reliance on synthetic chemicals and promote a more balanced and resilient ecosystem, ultimately leading to healthier vineyards and higher-quality grapes.
Water conservation is another critical aspect of sustainable winemaking. American champagne producers are implementing water-saving technologies and practices, such as drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting, to reduce their water usage and ensure the long-term viability of their vineyards. These efforts not only help conserve a precious resource but also contribute to the health and vitality of the vines.
Energy efficiency is also a significant focus for sustainable wineries. Many producers are investing in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, to reduce their carbon footprint and decrease their reliance on nonrenewable resources. Additionally, wineries are implementing energy-efficient technologies in their production facilities, such as LED lighting and advanced climate control systems, to further minimize their environmental impact.
Sustainable packaging is another area where American champagne producers are making strides. By using lightweight bottles, recycled materials, and eco-friendly packaging solutions, wineries are reducing waste and minimizing their carbon footprint. These efforts not only benefit the environment but also resonate with consumers who value sustainability and responsible consumption.
Overall, sustainability in the production of American champagne is a testament to the industry's commitment to environmental stewardship and innovation. By adopting sustainable practices, American champagne producers are ensuring the future of their vineyards and the continued success of their wines, while also setting a positive example for the global wine industry.
Innovations and Future Prospects
Innovation is at the heart of the American champagne industry, driving producers to explore new techniques, grape varieties, and production methods that push the boundaries of what is possible in sparkling wine. As the industry continues to evolve, these innovations are shaping the future of American champagne, ensuring its continued growth and success on the global stage.
One area of innovation is the exploration of new grape varieties. While Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier remain the primary grapes used in American champagne, winemakers are experimenting with lesser-known varieties to create unique and exciting sparkling wines. Varieties such as Pinot Gris, Chenin Blanc, and Riesling are being used to craft wines with distinctive flavors and characteristics that set them apart from traditional offerings.
Advancements in production techniques also play a significant role in the innovation of American champagne. Winemakers are experimenting with extended aging processes, alternative fermentation methods, and novel blending techniques to create wines with enhanced complexity and depth. These innovations not only elevate the quality of American champagne but also offer consumers a diverse array of styles to explore and enjoy.
The use of technology is another area where American champagne producers are making strides. From precision viticulture tools that monitor vineyard conditions to advanced analytics that optimize production processes, technology is helping winemakers achieve greater efficiency and consistency in their operations. These advancements are not only improving the quality of the wines but also enhancing sustainability and reducing environmental impact.
As the American champagne industry continues to innovate, its future prospects are bright. The combination of cutting-edge techniques, a commitment to sustainability, and a focus on quality and craftsmanship positions American champagne as a leader in the sparkling wine market. With a growing global demand for unique and exceptional sparkling wines, American champagne is poised to capture the attention of wine enthusiasts and continue its rise to prominence on the world stage.
Global Impact and Recognition
American champagne has made a significant impact on the global wine scene, earning recognition and accolades for its quality, diversity, and innovation. As the industry continues to grow and evolve, American champagne is gaining respect and admiration from wine enthusiasts and critics around the world, solidifying its place as a formidable contender in the sparkling wine market.
One of the key factors contributing to the global impact of American champagne is its ability to offer a unique and diverse array of styles and flavors. With a wide range of terroirs and grape varieties to draw from, American producers are crafting sparkling wines that capture the essence of their regions and showcase the creativity and skill of their winemakers. This diversity has resonated with consumers, who are increasingly seeking out American champagne as an alternative to traditional European offerings.
The quality of American champagne has also played a significant role in its global recognition. Over the years, American producers have honed their craft, embracing both traditional methods and modern innovations to create sparkling wines that rival the best in the world. This commitment to excellence has been rewarded with numerous awards and accolades, further elevating the reputation of American champagne on the international stage.
In addition to its quality and diversity, American champagne has benefited from the global trend towards premium and artisanal products. As consumers become more discerning in their wine selections, they are drawn to American champagne for its exceptional craftsmanship and unique character. This trend has helped boost the profile of American champagne, positioning it as a sought-after choice for wine lovers around the world.
The global impact and recognition of American champagne are a testament to the dedication and innovation of its producers, who continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in sparkling wine. As the industry continues to thrive and expand, American champagne is poised to capture the hearts and palates of wine enthusiasts worldwide, further solidifying its place in the pantheon of great sparkling wines.
American Champagne vs. French Champagne
The comparison between American champagne and French champagne is a topic of great interest and debate among wine enthusiasts. While both share the commonality of being sparkling wines, there are distinct differences that set them apart, each offering unique characteristics and qualities that appeal to a variety of palates.
One of the most notable differences between American and French champagne lies in the terroir. French champagne hails from the Champagne region in northeastern France, known for its chalky soils and cool climate, which impart a distinct minerality and elegance to the wines. In contrast, American champagne is produced across a variety of regions in the United States, each with its own unique climate and soil composition. This diversity results in a wide range of flavor profiles and styles, reflecting the individuality of each region.
The grape varieties used in American and French champagne also differ. While both typically use Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier, some American producers experiment with additional grape varieties, such as Pinot Gris or Riesling, to create wines with distinctive flavors and characteristics. This experimentation contributes to the diversity and innovation seen in American champagne.
Another difference is the production methods. While both American and French champagnes often use the traditional method of secondary fermentation in the bottle, American producers are known for their willingness to embrace new techniques and technologies. This spirit of innovation has led to the creation of unique and exciting sparkling wines that offer a fresh perspective on traditional champagne.
In terms of flavor profile, French champagne is typically characterized by its finesse and complexity, with notes of citrus, apple, and brioche, often accompanied by a pronounced minerality. American champagne, on the other hand, can range from crisp and refreshing to rich and opulent, with a wide array of fruit flavors, floral notes, and toasty undertones.
Ultimately, the choice between American and French champagne comes down to personal preference. Both offer exceptional quality and craftsmanship, each with its own unique attributes that cater to different tastes and occasions. Whether savoring the classic elegance of French champagne or exploring the innovative flavors of American champagne, wine enthusiasts are sure to find a sparkling wine that delights and satisfies.
Tasting Guide for American Champagne
Tasting American champagne is a delightful experience that allows wine enthusiasts to explore the diverse flavors and characteristics of this sparkling sensation. Whether you're a seasoned connoisseur or a curious novice, this tasting guide will help you appreciate the nuances and intricacies of American champagne, enhancing your enjoyment and understanding of this exceptional wine.
Begin your tasting experience by selecting a variety of American champagnes that showcase different styles, regions, and producers. This diversity will allow you to compare and contrast the flavors and aromas, gaining a deeper appreciation for the unique qualities of each wine.
When pouring your American champagne, use a flute or tulip-shaped glass, which helps concentrate the aromas and accentuate the bubbles. Pour the wine gently to preserve the effervescence and allow the bubbles to rise elegantly in the glass.
Before tasting, take a moment to observe the wine's appearance. Note the color, which can range from pale straw to deep gold, and the size and persistence of the bubbles. These visual cues provide insight into the wine's age, style, and quality.
Swirl the glass gently to release the aromas, then take a moment to inhale the bouquet. American champagne can offer a wide array of aromas, from fresh citrus and green apple to floral and toasty notes. Pay attention to the complexity and balance of the aromas, which can provide clues about the wine's grape variety and production method.
When tasting the wine, take a small sip and let it linger on your palate. Notice the flavors and how they evolve, as well as the wine's acidity, body, and texture. American champagne can exhibit a range of flavors, from crisp and refreshing to rich and complex, with a balance of fruit, floral, and mineral notes.
Consider the wine's finish, or the lingering taste that remains after swallowing. A long, pleasant finish is often an indication of a high-quality wine, while a short or unbalanced finish may suggest a less refined product.
As you taste different American champagnes, take notes on your impressions and preferences. This practice will help you develop your palate and refine your understanding of the diverse styles and flavors that American champagne has to offer.
By following this tasting guide, you'll be well-equipped to explore the world of American champagne, discovering the unique attributes and exceptional quality that make it a standout choice among sparkling wines.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What makes American champagne different from French champagne?
American champagne differs from French champagne primarily in terms of terroir, grape varieties, and production methods. While both use traditional methods, American champagne is produced across various U.S. regions, offering diverse styles and flavors influenced by unique climates and soils.
2. Can American sparkling wine legally be called "champagne"?
No, the term "champagne" is reserved for sparkling wines produced in the Champagne region of France. American sparkling wines use alternative terms such as "sparkling wine" or "American sparkling wine" to describe their products.
3. What grape varieties are commonly used in American champagne?
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier are the primary grape varieties used in American champagne. Some producers also experiment with other varieties like Pinot Gris and Riesling to create unique styles and flavors.
4. How should American champagne be stored?
American champagne should be stored in a cool, dark place with a consistent temperature, ideally between 45-65°F (7-18°C). Store bottles horizontally to keep the cork moist and prevent oxidation.
5. What foods pair well with American champagne?
American champagne pairs well with a variety of foods, including seafood, cheese, poultry, spicy dishes, and fruit-based desserts. Its vibrant acidity and effervescence make it a versatile choice for many cuisines.
6. Is American champagne suitable for aging?
Many American champagnes can benefit from aging, developing greater complexity and depth over time. However, not all are intended for long-term aging, so it's important to consider the producer's recommendations and the wine's style.
Conclusion
American champagne has emerged as a sparkling sensation, captivating the palates of wine enthusiasts with its diverse styles, exceptional quality, and innovative spirit. From its rich history and meticulous production methods to its unique flavor profiles and sustainable practices, American champagne stands as a testament to the creativity and dedication of its producers.
As the industry continues to evolve and embrace new trends, American champagne is poised for continued growth and success on the global stage. Its ability to offer a wide range of flavors and characteristics, coupled with a commitment to excellence and sustainability, ensures that American champagne remains a standout choice among sparkling wines.
Whether you're savoring a glass at a celebratory event, exploring new pairings with your favorite dishes, or simply enjoying the effervescent delight on a quiet evening, American champagne offers a delightful experience that is both refreshing and rewarding. As you embark on your own journey through the world of American champagne, you'll discover the unique attributes and exceptional craftsmanship that make it a true sparkling sensation.
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